Pendekatan Fraud Heptagon Model dalam Mendeteksi Manipulasi Laba: Studi Empiris Perusahaan BUMN Non-Keuangan

  • Marisa Angelica Nur Faisal Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang
  • Fefri Indra Arza Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang
Keywords: Earnings Manipulation, Fraud Heptagon, M-Score

Abstract

This study examines the influence of pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance, ignorance, and greed on profit manipulation. The research utilizes quantitative techniques to examine the theory and assess the connection among these variables. The study population comprises non-financial, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that were traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023. The research utilized purposive sampling with 80 observations. Logistic regression was employed for the analysis. The findings suggest that pressure and rationalization negatively impact profit manipulation, while ignorance positively impact it. Meanwhile, opportunity, capability, arrogance, and greed do not impact profit manipulation.

References

ACFE Indonesia. (2020). Survei Fraud Indonesia 2019 (hlm. 1–76). Diambil dari https://acfe-indonesia.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SURVEI-FRAUD-INDONESIA-2019.pdf

Achmad, T., Ghozali, I., Helmina, M. R. A., Hapsari, D. I., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2022). Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting Using the Fraud Hexagon Model: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Indonesia. Economies, 11(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11010005

Achmad, T., Ghozali, I., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2022). Hexagon Fraud: Detection of Fraudulent Financial Reporting in State-Owned Enterprises Indonesia. Economies, 10(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10010013

Adhania, S., Holiawati, H., & Nofryanti, N. (2024). The Effect of Hexagon Fraud Theory in Detecting Financial Statement Fraud. International Journal of Digital Marketing Science, 1(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijdms.v1i1.854

Aviantara, R. (2019). The BIG 4 Role in Moderating the Detection of Fraud Pentagon Against Fraudulent Financial Reports (Study on Indonesian Public Sector Government Companies). International Journal of Sciences, 48(4).

Aviantara, R. (2021). The Association Between Fraud Hexagon and Government’s Fraudulent Financial Report. Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, 6(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v6i1.192

Beneish, M. D. (1999). The Detection of Earnings Manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v55.n5.2296

CNBC Indonesia. (2024). Kronologi Kasus Mega Korupsi Jiwasraya Hingga Kena Sanksi PKU. Diambil 5 Desember 2024, dari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20240917124907-17-572355/kronologi-kasus-mega-korupsi-jiwasraya-hingga-kena-sanksi-pku

Detikfinance. (2022). Sederet Masalah yang Bikin Jiwasraya Gagal Bayar. Diambil 8 Desember 2024, dari https://finance.detik.com/moneter/d-6460776/sederet-masalah-yang-bikin-jiwasraya-gagal-bayar

Djami, R. A., & Murtanto, M. (2024). Factors That Influence Fraud Heptagon Theory On Financial Statements Fraud (Empirical Study on the Mining Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2018-2022). Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 4(1), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v4i1.701

Handayani, J. R., Nurcahyono, N., Saadah, N., & Winarsih. (2023). Hexagon Fraud: Detection of Fraudulent Financial Statement in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business, Accounting, Banking, and Economics (ICBABE 2022), 240, 263–276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-154-8_24

Handoko, B. L., Angelyca, A., & Nicholas, A. (2023). Examining the Psychological Aspect: Fraudulent Financial Reporting in Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange During the Covid-19 Pandemic using the Fraud Heptagon Approach. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 650–661.

Hosen, R., & Afriyenti, M. (2024). Pengaruh Fraud Hexagon Terhadap Manajemen Laba Berdasarkan M-score yang Dimodifikasi. JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI, 6(3), 1034–1049. https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v6i3.1616

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency costs, adn Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Junnestine, J., & Christian, N. (2021). ANALISIS REVENUE SHENANIGANS PADA PERUSAHAAN PT GARUDA INDONESIA (PERSERO) Tbk. Progress: Jurnal Pendidikan, Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 4(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.47080/progress.v4i2.1317

Kostyuk, A., Stiglbauer, M., & Govorun, D. (Ed.). (2016). The Theory and Practice of Directors’ Remuneration: New Challenges and Opportunities. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781785606823

Kusumawati, E., Yuliantoro, I. P., & Putri, E. (2021). Pentagon Fraud Analysis in Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 78–93. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v6i1.14646

Lu, W., & Zhao, X. (2021). Research and improvement of fraud identification model of Chinese A-share listed companies based on M-score. Journal of Financial Crime, 28(2), 566–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2019-0164

Narsa, N. P. D. R. H., Afifa, L. M. E., & Wardhaningrum, O. A. (2023). Fraud triangle and earnings management based on the modified M-score: A study on manufacturing company in Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13649

Nurhakim, A. L., & Harto, P. (2023). Fraud Pentagon: Deteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(2), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2023.v33.i02.p03

Omukaga, K. O. (2021). Is the fraud diamond perspective valid in Kenya? Journal of Financial Crime, 28(3), 810–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2019-0141

Ozcelik, H. (2020). An Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reporting Using the Fraud Diamond Theory Perspective: An Empirical Study on the Manufacturing Sector Companies Listed on the Borsa Istanbul. Dalam S. Grima, E. Boztepe, & P. J. Baldacchino (Ed.), Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis (hlm. 131–153). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920200000102012

Pamungkas, I. D., & Irwandi, S. A. (2024). Detecting fraudulent financial reporting: Heptagon fraud model. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 14(2), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v14i2.4523

Pamungkas, I. D., Oktavianasari, I., Fathimah, F., & Jasmine, A. N. (2024). The Role of Audit Committee and Institutional Ownership as Moderating: Analysis Fraud Heptagon in IndonesiaAuthors: Imang Dapit Pamungkas, Ira Oktavianasari, Fathimah, Adinda Nabila Jasmine. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS, 21, 2665–2677. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.218

Peraturan OJK nomor 33/POJK.04/2014 tentang direksi dan dewan komisaris emiten atau perusahaan publik.

Ronen, J., & Yaari, V. (2008). Definition of Earnings Management. Dalam Earnings Management: Emerging Insights in Theory, Practice, and Research (Vol. 3, hlm. 25–38). Boston: Springer.

Satata, D. P. I., Pamungkas, I. D., Sumaryati, A., & Minarso, B. (2024). The Role of Institutional Ownership in Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Fraud Heptagon Model Analysis. MAKSIMUM, 14(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.14.1.2024.37-47

Scott, W. R. (2015). Financial accounting theory (7th Ed). Toronto: Pearson.

Septiningrum, K. E., & Mutmainah, S. (2022). ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERJADINYA FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD: PERSPEKTIF FRAUD HEXAGON THEORY (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek. 11(3).

Setiawati, E., & Baningrum, R. M. (2018). DETEKSI FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS FRAUD PENTAGON: STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG LISTED DI BEI TAHUN 2014-2016. Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 3(2), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v3i2.6645

Setiawati, L., & Naim, A. (2000). Manajemen Laba. Jurnal Eknomi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 15(4), 424–441.

Sihombing, T., & Panggulu, G. (2022). Fraud Hexagon Theory And Fraudulent Financial Statement In IT Industry In Asean. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 12(3), 524–544. https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v12i3.23334

Sulistyanto, S. (2018). Manajemen Laba: Teori dan Model Empiris. Jakarta: PT Grasindo.

Wicaksono, A., & Suryandari, D. (2021). The Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reports Through Fraud Hexagon on Public Mining Companies. 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v10i3.54999

Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The Fraud Diamond: Considering the Four Elements of Fraud. CPA Journal, 38–42.

Yunus, M., Sianipar, O. L., Saragih, K. Y., & Amelia, A. (2019). Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud Berdasarkan Perspektif Pressure dalam Fraud Triangle. Owner, 3(2), 350–360. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v3i2.229

Yusof, K. M. (2016). Fraudulent Financial Reporting: An Application of Fraud Models to Malaysian Public Listed Companies.

Published
2026-02-26